Working principle of Alternator


In this article we learn about the working principle of alternator ,and their construction and application . we will also discuss in detail about the different loading motor.                           working principle of alternator

 

Alternator is a machine which generate AC  electrical power or convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Alternator are also work on ferade law of electromagnetic induction .

Ferade law

“The rate of change of flux is directly proportional to induce EMF in the coil or conductor .”
Which is according for generation of electrical power following requirement?
1.       Conductor
2.       Magnetic field
3.       Relative speed between them

This type when conductor and magnetic field are near to each other and in both any one movable them EMF induces in the conductor. Which direction depends on Fleming right hand rule.
Difference between Alternator and DC generator
DC generator field winding is static and armature is movable but in case of Alternator field winding is movable and armature is static.
Normally Alternator are separately excited .which required DC supply for field winding  so a small self excited DC generator are also connect with Alternator and made alternator self excited.
From prime mover when Alternator shaft rotate then DC exciter also rotate and generate supply given to field winding of alternator. so a constant flux generate in the field winding when Rotor rotate  relative speed develop between armature winding and magnetic flux so EMF induce in the armature winding . Armature winding are sinusoidal distributed hence generate EMF are also sinusoidal.                                                    For more know about the working principle of alternator it is required to know about the armature and stator.

Advantages of stationary Armature and Rotating field

1.       DC winding are weight less hence easier them high speed.
2.       There is not use of brushes so sparking problem are also reduced.
3.       For insulation purpose also useful
4.       For cooling purpose it is also useful.

Construction of Alternator.              

Main parts of Alternator

1.       Stator Frame

IT is made from silicon steel  and used to provide support of alternator . In stator frame ventilation are also keep which use for colling .  so the working principle of alternator also depend on construction of alternator.
working,construction  of Alternator, ferade law,principle of alternator

2.       Stator core

Its made from iron or steel alloy which helpful for flux linkage. Core  used for hold of armature winding .it also use for reduced of eddy current losses . In  stator core three type slots are used for armature winding .

1. Wide open slots

2 semi open slots



3.       Wholly closed slots

3. Rotor

In Alternator two types of rotor are used

1.       Salient pole rotor



2.       Cylindrical rotor

1.       Salient pole rotor

Salient pole rotors axial length are less and diameter are more. In this rotor number of poles is more and speed of alternator is less. In this rotor flux distribution is better between field winding and armature winding.

2.Cylindrical Rotor

In this type rotor length of rotor is more and diameter is less. It is used for high speed (3600 rpm)  in case steam turbine . in this type rotor  number of poles is two or four.                                        Hence it is the working principle of alternator. For better understand the working principle of alternator pleaz sea this video. If any error above pleaz comment in comment box.

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