In this article we will know about the types of single phase
induction motor. We will know about the universal induction motor.
Types of single phase induction motor
Single phase induction motor construction is similar to poly
phase induction motor except that
1. Its stator is provided with a single phase winding
2. A centrifugal switch is used to cut out a winding for
starting purpose.
It has distributed stator winding and squirrel cage rotor.
When fed from a single phase supply its stator winding
produce a flux which is only alternating.
Types of single phase induction motor
1. Split phase induction motor
These stator of split phase induction motor is provided with
an auxiliary winding S in adding to the main or moving winding M. the starting
winding is at 90 degree from main winding M and operate only during the brief
period when motor starts up. The S winding has high resistance and M winding
has low resistance. So the current flowing through winding has reasonable phase
difference. ( 25 to 30 degree).it is main types of single phase induction
motor.
2. Capacitor start induction motor
In this motor winding has as many turns as M winding and a capacitor
C is connected in series with the starting winding. The value of capacitor is
so chosen that current in stator winding leads current in main winding by about
80 degree. These types of single phase induction motor are mainly used in
domestic application.
These are of following types:
1. Single voltage externally reversible type
2. Single voltage nonreversible type
3. Single voltage reversible with thermostat type
4. Two voltage nonreversible type
5. Two voltage reversible type
6. Single voltage instantly reversible type
7. Single voltage three lead reversible type
8. Two speed type single phase induction motor
3. Capacitor starts and run induction motor
This motor is similar to capacitor start motor except that
the starting winding and capacitors are connected in the circuit all times. They
are of two types:
·
Single value capacitor runs motor:
These motor start and run with one value of capacitance in
the circuit.
·
Two value capacitor run motor:
This motor start with high value of capacitance but run with
a low value of capacitance are known as two value motor.
4. Shaded pole motor
These motor has salient poles on the stator excited by
single phase supply and a squirrel cage rotor. A portion of each pole is
surrounded by a short circuited turn of copper strip called shading coil.
Advantage
- ·
Simple in construction
- ·
Reliable and cheap
Disadvantage of shaded pole induction motor
- ·
Low starting torque
- ·
Very little overload capacity
- Low efficiency
- ·
Uses: small toys, hair dryers, ventilators.
Universal induction motor
This motor operated either a direct or single phase A.C
supply at approx... Same speed and output. It has starting torque and variable
speed characteristics. It runs at high speed on no load.
They are of two types:
- ·
Concentrated pole, non-compensated type
- ·
Distributed field compensated type
Application
- ·
Vacuum cleaner
- ·
Drink and food mixer
- ·
Drills
- ·
Domestic sewing machine
Method of speed control of universal motor
- ·
Resistance method
- ·
Tapping field method
- ·
Centrifugal mechanism
Unexcited single phase synchronous motor:
These motor operate from a single phase AC supply and runs
at constant speed. These motor are also self-starting and no dc excision is
necessary for their rotors. They are of two types
- ·
Reluctance type
- ·
Hysteresis motor
Hence these are main types of single phase induction motor
if you will find any incorrect above you must comment below in comment box.
For knowing more about the types of single phase induction motor.