In this article we will know about the difference between
impulse and reaction turbine. We will know about the constructional difference between
them.
1. Impulse Turbine
In impulse turbine steam is expanded in turbine nozzle and
attains a high velocity. The steam jet impinges on the blades fixed on the
rotor periphery. The rotor may be a built up rotor or integral rotor. A built
up rotor consists of a forged steel shaft on which separate forged steel discs
are shrunk and keyed. In an integral rotor the wheels and shaft are formed from
one solid forging. The built up rotor is cheaper and easier to manufacture. However
in integral rotor the discs cannot become loose. The high pressure and
intermediate pressure rotor are, always, of integral type.
2. Reaction Turbine
In a reaction turbine only partial expansion takes place in
the nozzle and further expansion takes place as the steam flows over the rotor
blades. The relative velocity of steam increases as it expands while passing
over the blades. There is difference in pressure on two sides of the moving
blade. The blades have aero foil section.
The modern reaction turbine has both stationary and moving
blades. The blades are similar; each is so arranged that the area through which
the steam leaves is less than that through which it enters. Pressure drop takes
place in both stationary and moving blades. The restricted area at the out let
of the blades causes the steam velocity to increase as steam leaves the blades.
Difference between Impulse turbine and Reaction Turbine
Impulse Turbine
|
Reaction
Turbine
|
1. In this turbine only kinetic energy used to rotate the turbine.
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In this turbine pressure energy and kinetic energy both are used to
rotate the turbine. it is main difference between impulse and reaction
turbine.
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2. In impulse turbine water flow through the nozzle and strike the
blade of turbine.
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In Reaction turbine water is flow through guide blades.
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3. In this turbine pressure energy converted into kinetic energy
|
In this turbine pressure energy does not converted into kinetic
energy.
|
4 It is suitable for large head and lower flow rate. For example peloton
wheel turbines
|
It is mostly used for high flow rate and lower head
|
5. The pressure of water
always remains unchanged. These are main difference between impulse and
reaction turbine.
| In case of Reaction turbine the pressure of water changed |
Advantage of Impulse and Reaction Turbine
Advantage of Impulse Turbine
1) It is in easy to construct because it has simple design.
2) It is a cheap turbine.
3) It has less maintenance.
4) It can be use in reverse direction.
Advantage of Reaction Turbine
1) It is a highly efficient as compared to impulse turbine.
2) Output power is more.
Working of Impulse and Reaction Turbine
For knowing detail about difference between impulse and reaction turbine we must need to know about working of impulse and reaction turbine.
Working of Impulse turbine
impulse turbine is simple turbine. In
impulse turbine a high speed fluid is comes through a narrow nozzle to the
turbine blades for rotation of turbine. The blade of impulse turbine is bucket
shaped so that it gives a gives a perfect angle and rotates the turbine. So this is a simple construction turbine and
easy to understand. This is a high efficient turbine also. Water turbine is a
example of impulse turbine, this is used in hydro power plants.
Working of Reaction turbine
Reaction turbine reacts when it has
pressure of fluid, and developed torque.The working of reaction turbine is based on Newtown's third
law i.e. action and reaction is equal and opposite. In reaction turbine a
nozzle is attached to the rotating blades. When pressured fluid leaves the
nozzle it produce reaction force on the pipe and rotor is starts rotation in
opposite direction to that fluid. When fluid is passes through the blades its
pressure got low.
Hence these are difference between impulse and Reaction
turbine if you will find any incorrect above article you must comment below in
comment box.